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Thoughts of a Reforming Pelagian

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      20 May 2011

      The Real Scandal of the Evangelical Mind: A Review

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      In this e-booklet, Carl Trueman argues that ‘evangelicalism’ increasingly is losing meaning. 'The real scandal of the evangelical mind currently is not that it lacks a mind, but that it lacks any agreed-upon evangel,' (Kindle Locations 524-525) is the startling conclusion. 

      Trueman introduces with the historian David Bebbington's definition of evangelicalism. Evangelicalism is defined with ‘four hallmarks: (1) biblicism (a high regard for the Bible as the primary source of spiritual truth), (2) crucicentrism (a focus on the atoning work of Christ on the cross), (3) conversionism (a belief in the necessity of spiritual conversion), and (4) activism (the priority of publicly proclaiming and living out the gospel).’ (Kindle Locations 109-111) Trueman notes that this does indicates an absence of doctrinal criteria defining evangelical. Indeed, several adjectives can modify evangelical such as open, emergent, confessing, conservative, liberal, etc. Instead evangelicals often use experience to define evangelical but the author notes the trouble with that is experience without doctrine is often unstable. 

      Carl Trueman also writes about the lack of drawing doctrine boundaries has led to an accommodating of the world to the detriment of the Word. This also has led to a confusion of the gospel and what the Bible teaches. His suggestion is that we more clearly (narrowly) define our positions, Lutheran, Reformed, Arminian, whatever, and discuss with those of different positions as such, instead of vying for space in nebulous evangelicalism. 

      I greatly recommend this e-booklet (only available from the Kindle store). Dr Trueman writes concisely and with his characteristic British wit. 

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      24 Jan 2011

      Review: The Wages of Spin (Part 2 of 2)

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      Part 1 Here

      The second part of Carl Trueman’s work The Wages of Spin is entitled ‘Short Sharp Shocks.’ These essays are shorter and more accessible. If I had to comment on the balance of the types of essay, I’d argue Trueman should have included more of these short essays. 

      Essay 1: The Importance of Evangelical Beliefs

      Carl Trueman argues in line with Gresham Machen and the Apostle Paul that Christianity does not exist unless history and doctrine are indissolubly united. While we may gain respectability in applying Jacob de Zoet’s aphorism, ‘The truth of a myth lies not in its words but its patterns,’ (The Thousand Autums of Jacob de Zoet, David Mitchell) to Christianity, if we do so we lose the Gospel.

      Essay 2: What Can Miserable Christians Sing?

      “In the psalms, God has given the church a language which allows it to express even the deepest agonies of the human soul in the context of worship.’ (p 159)

      This is probably Trueman’s best essay in this collection (out of several very good essays). He expresses that often the church has partially bought into the commercialism the West and with it the idolatry of health, wealth, and happiness. To this end, we end up denying that brokenness is part of the human—yes, even the Christian—condition. This is reflected in our worship; our songs as a whole don’t express this brokenness. 

      Trueman states that the Psalms have a higher priority in singing. In the Psalms, there is the range of emotion of man’s soul. Let us learn to lament with the language of the Psalms, argues Trueman, and we’ll have a healthier and more evangelistic church. To which I can only respond, ‘Amen’.

      Essay 3: The Marcions have Landed!

      Marcion lived in the 2nd century and held to a cannon consisting only of a redacted version of the Gospel of Luke and ten epistles of Paul. The rest of Scripture, including the Old Testament, he rejected. He formulated this cannon because he believed the gospel message was exclusively of love. 

      The essay proposes that modern evangelicals have so focussed on the love of God they have excluded a notion of his wrath. (Consider how the doctrine of penal substitution has recently fallen on hard times.) Unwittingly, this places them in line with Marcion’s theology.

      Another aspect of neo-Macionism is the neglect of the Old Testament ‘in our theological reflection and devotional life.’ (p 166) Again, ‘As the Old Testament is the context for the New Testament, so the neglect of the Old Testament leaves the New as more or less meaningless.’ (p 167)
      Trueman concludes with, ‘think truncated thoughts about God and will will get a truncated God; read an expurgated Bible, and you’ll get an expurgated theology; sing mindless, superficial rubbish instead of deep, truly emotional praise and you will eventually become what you sing.’ (p 168)

      If our doxology suffers so will our life and witness; let us call evangelicalism back to the God of the whole Bible.

      Essay 4: A Revolutionary Balancing Act Or: Why Our Theology Needs to be a Little Less Biblical.

      My original review started, ‘And now an article with I disagree with Trueman.’ But after some discussions learned that Carl Trueman is (mostly) right. In this essay, he argues that while Biblical theology is a good thing and has valuable insights, it should not be done to the exclusion of systematic theology. Originally I thought he overemphasized the problem that people were ignoring systematic theology, but after a discussion with my pastor, he stated that not only is there some ignoring systematic theology but down right despise it. I am grateful for my time in the Reformed world, that my pastors have been balanced in their use of biblical and systematic theology.

      Essay 5: Boring Ourselves to Life

      Carl Trueman begins his essay with an amusing anecdote with the news showing people in preparation for a winter storm by ‘stocking up’ on rental movies, lest they be stuck in their houses and become bored. 

      Why do we place such an emphasis on entertainment? Why are celebrities and sports figures paid so much? Why is entertainment more valueable to us than a host of other services and goods such as government and education?

      To answer this, Trueman turns t o the writings of Blaise Pascal in his Pensées. Left to ourselves we think about the reality of death and our mortality. ‘Why do we pay sports stars, actors, and the various airheads that populate the airwaves more than we pay our political leader? Because they help to take our minds off the deeper, more demanding truths of life, particularly the one great and ultimately unavoidable truth: death.’ (p 177) Trueman concludes his essay by urging us to spend some time reflecting on the claims of Christ and the truths revealed in him. 

      Essay 6: Why you shouldn’t buy the big issue.

      This is a great essay asking, ‘Why is homosexuality one bridge too far?’. Carl is right on; if we’ve tolerated heresy as theological diversity then we should not be surprised when morality crumbles. We should defend more concerns such as the deity of Christ, his literal resurrection, etc., while also affirming Christian morality. The proverbial line in the sand should not be drawn at homosexuality but at much earlier point with the integrity of Scripture and doctrine. 

      The essayist points out that when we make homosexuality the Big Issue rather than theological concern we come across not as being principled and biblical but merely bigoted and out of touch. Of course, we probably come across and bigoted and out of touch in any case but at least the world would be able to see a consistent ethic and practice if we were to take seriously the whole of God’s Word. 

      Evangelicalism Through the Looking Glass. A Fairy Tale 

      Carl Trueman’s last piece shows his characteristic wit. (I know I may not have mentioned it in the above reviews, this is of course why should read him and not me.) He humorously retells the Alice and Humpty-Dumpty encounter that must be read to be appreciated. 
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      13 Jan 2011

      Review: The Wages of Spin (Part 1 of 2)

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      The Wages of Spin is a great read. Carl Trueman writes with his characteristic British humour to analyse various aspects of contemporary evangelicalism. As the essays don’t have much of a common them beyond that I’ll analyse them separately below. The book itself is divided into two parts: evangelical essays and short sharp stacks and so I’ll split my blog posts as well. 

      Essay 1: Reckoning with the Past in an Anti-Historical Age

      In this first essay, Carl Trueman reminds us that Christianity is an historical faith; of course this sharply contrasts with our postmodern age. He stresses that confessional Reformed theology (as well as confessional Lutheranism and conservative evangelicalism) is at a crossroads. This is a useful essay in its analysis of the current situation and as prescription for remedy.

      The essay expounds antihistorical tendencies of the postmodern world. Particularly, we moderns are adverse to tradition; consider the Enlightenment which labelled the age before it as dark. Consumerism emphasises the novel: how else could they sell you the latest thing? Moreover, postmodernist deconstructionism have made all truth (including history) mere power plays. 

      How has the Church reacted? Largely in one of two ways, argues Carl Trueman. Either by jettisoning the past including traditional Christian liturgy and focussing on the pragmatic (mainstream evangelicalism) or selectively embracing the past with no regard for its context (emergent churches). Carl uses an example of Celtic Christianity revival which I am not familiar with (but may be more prevalent in the UK). I personally suspect most evangelicals in America follow the first route. 

      The essay offers two theses to study historical orthodox Reformed tradition in this post-Christian world. Thesis One: The Reformed tradition takes seriously the biblical teaching that God is primarily a speaking God. The Reformation was a movement rooted in words and one of the effects was the literacy of the populace. Contrast this with both the mediaeval and postmodern aesthetic centred on the visual. Thesis Two: The Reformed Faith appreciates the beneficial aspects of history and tradition. It is against mindless iconoclasm. ‘The Reformed church, with its creeds, confessions, catechisms, and theological tradition, provides its people with the historical continuity that so many crave today…’ (p. 34) Consider the Reformed scholastics (and Reformed theologians of different eras) who interacted with history and other traditions in their writings. But the last word I’ll leave to Trueman:

      We might add, finally, that when we lose sight of God’s work in the past we may easily also lose sight of his work in the future, of the eschatological dimension of the Christian faith.…Reformed theology, by giving due place to history in God’s purposes, points beyond the present to a bright future in eschatological glory and thus does justice to the biblical tension involved in living in the world between Pentecost and the Parousia.

      Essay 2: The Undoing of the Reformation?
      Picking up a theme of the previous essay, Trueman writes on the importance of the spoken and written word. In many ways with the advent of the internet (of course TV also has an influence) we again have a mediaeval aesthetic of the visual. As a counterpoint I might mention the influence of e-books and podcasts which focus on the spoken and written, but overall I think Trueman’s statement is sound. Trueman does concede something similar, also reminding us when we apply for a loan, the loan manager does not do an interpretive dance for us. 

      Carl Trueman recounts the confusion of the languages at Babel and the antiparallel at Pentecost where the gospel was heard in many languages. He also expounds on the reformers (both Lutheran and Reformed) the Word precedes the sacraments. (That is, the sacraments are not sacraments without the Word explaining them.) We see that God is primarily a speaking God. 

      Trueman comments, ‘[I]t is clear that the denial of any role to authorial intent in determining the meaning of a text is lethal to evangelical Christianity.’ His critique of postmodernism is right on. Of course, modernism is no friend to Christianity either. Carl finishes with a great point, one of the features of TV is that it has conditioned us to relate to stories. ‘What an opportunity for the church! Is it not wonderful that God himself has provided us with the greatest story ever told?’

      Essay 3: Theology and the Church: Divorce or Remarriage?

      I must confess I don’t know much about the academy so I won’t have much to say on this. (I realize this isn’t a problem for most bloggers...) This essay discussed the relation between the church and the academy. Trueman outlines ‘grounds for divorce’ and proposes four theses for the church and four for the academy to reunite them for the glory of God.

      Essay 4: The Princeton Trajectory on Scripture: A Clarification and Proposal

      This essay interacts with various models of inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture. Trueman discusses Old Princeton, particularly B B Warfield. Warfield, he argues, is still relevant for today, although a development of the human composition of Scripture would be useful. This may serve to alleviate concern the Princetonians held to a view of inspiration akin to the authors of Scripture copying the words verbatim from God.

      Essay 5: The Glory of Christ: B B Warfield on Jesus of Nazareth

      Carl Trueman introduces us to an aspect of B B Warfield beyond the three topics he is usually remembered for (inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture, cessation of miraculous gifts, and his support of theistic evolution). The essay shows B B Warfield’s work on the Incarnation and the person and work of Jesus Christ. Not being familiar with his view on this, was was interested to read the essay. It has created a desire to read B B Warfield’s writings and learn more about him. That is, of course, one of the greatest things an essay can accomplish.

      Essay 6: Is the Finnish Line the New Beginning? A Critical Assessment of the Reading of Luther Offered by the Helsinki Circle

      While I am most certainly unqualified to write on this essay, as I had not heard of Tuomo Mannnermaa and the Helsinki Circle’s efforts to link Luther’s doctrine on justification with the Eastern Orthodox doctrine of theosis, if Trueman is correct, that the contributions of scholar Heiko Oberman is absent from the writings of the Helsinki Circle, it is certainly to the detriment of their views. 

      Part Two Follows
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    A twenty-something confessional Presbyterian writing from Tucson, Az.

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